Linear and Nonlinear Relationships: Recognize and model patterns in bivariate data.
Represent data patterns using graphs, tables, word descriptions, and algebraic expressions
Investigate the nature of linear functions in contexts
Use mathematical models to answer questions about linear relationships
Write linear functions from verbal, numerical, or graphical information
Analyze and solve linear equations
Model situations with inequalities expressed as "at most" and "at least" situations
Investigate the nature of inverse variation in contexts
Use mathematical models to answer questions about inverse variation relationships
Compare inverse variation relationships with linear relationships
Data Analysis: Measure variation in data and strength of association in bivariate data.
Use data to make predictions
Fit a line to data that show a linear trend and measure closeness of fit
Analyze scatter plots of bivariate data to determine the strength of the linear association
between the two variables
Use correlation coefficients informally to describe the strength of the linear association
illustrated by scatter plots
Use standard deviation to measure variability in univariate distributions
Distinguish between categorical and numerical variables
Use two-way tables and analysis of cell frequencies and relative frequencies to decide
whether two variables are related
Looking for Pythagoras
Pythagorean Theorem: Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
Develop strategies for finding the distance between two points on a coordinate grid
Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem
Use the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse to solve a variety of problems
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the equation of a circle with its center located
at the origin
Real Numbers: Understand that the set of real numbers consists of rational and irrational numbers.
Interpret square roots and cube roots of numbers by making use of their related geometric
representations
Relate the area of a square to the side length of the square
Estimate the values of square roots
Estimate the values of cube roots
Relate the volume of a cube to the edge length of the cube
Compare numbers that can be represented as fractions (rational numbers) to numbers
that cannot be represented as fractions (irrational numbers) and recognize that the
set of real numbers consists of rational and irrational numbers
Represent rational numbers as fractions and as terminating decimals or repeating decimals
Recognize that irrational numbers cannot be represented as fractions and are nonterminating,
nonrepeating decimals
Recognize that the square root of a whole number that is not a square is irrational
Locate irrational numbers on a number line
Use and understand properties of rational and irrational numbers
Growing, Growing, Growing
Exponential Functions: Explore problem situations in which two or more variables have an exponential relationship
to each other.
Identify situations that can be modeled with an exponential function
Identify the pattern of change (growth/decay factor) between two variables that represent
an exponential function in a situation, table, graph, or equation
Represent an exponential function with a table, graph, or equation
Make connections among the patterns of change in a table, graph, and equation of an
exponential function
Compare the growth/decay rate and growth/decay factor for an exponential function
and recognize the role each plays in an exponential situation
Identify the growth/decay factor and initial value in problem situations, tables,
graphs, and equations that represent exponential functions
Determine whether an exponential function represents a growth (increasing) or decay
(decreasing) pattern, from an equation, table, or graph that represents an exponential
function
Determine the values of the independent and dependent variables from a table, graph,
or equation of an exponential function
Use an exponential equation to describe the graph and table of an exponential function
Predict the y-intercept from an equation, graph, or table that represents an exponential
function
Interpret the information that the y-intercept of an exponential function represents
Determine the effects of the growth factor and initial value for an exponential function
on a graph of the function
Solve problems about exponential growth and decay from a variety of different subject
areas, including science and business, using an equation, table, or graph
Observe that one exponential equation can model different contexts
Compare exponential and linear functions
Equivalence: Develop understanding of equivalent exponential expressions.
Write and interpret exponential expressions that represent the dependent variable
in an exponential function
Develop the rules for operating with rational exponents and explain why they work
Write, interpret, and operate with numerical expressions in scientific notation
Write and interpret equivalent expressions using the rules for exponents and operations
Solve problems that involve exponents, including scientific notation
Frogs, Fleas, and Painted Cubes
Quadratic Functions: Explore problem situations in which two variables are in a quadratic relationship.
Identify situations that can be modeled by quadratic functions
Identify the pattern of change between two variables that represent a quadratic function
in a situation, table, graph, or equation
Determine values of the independent and dependent variables in a quadratic function
from a table, graph, or equation
Represent a quadratic function with a table, graph, and equation
Make connections among the equation of a quadratic function, its graph, and the patterns
of change in its table
Use a quadratic equation to describe the characteristics of its graph and table
Determine whether a quadratic function will have a maximum or a minimum point and
predict the maximum or minimum point from its equation, graph, or table
Predict the x- and y-intercepts from the equation, graph, or table of a quadratic function
Predict the line of symmetry from an equation, graph, or table of a quadratic function
Interpret the information that the x- and y-intercepts and maximum or minimum point represent
Use an equation, graph, and table to solve problems involving quadratic relationships
Observe that one quadratic equation can model different contexts
Compare linear, quadratic, and exponential functions
Equivalence: Develop an understanding of equivalent quadratic expressions.
Write and interpret a quadratic expression to represent the dependent variable in
a quadratic function
Use an area model to develop an understanding of the Distributive Property
Use the Distributive Property to write equivalent quadratic expressions in expanded
or factored form
Select and interpret the appropriate equivalent quadratic expression (in factored
or expanded form) for predicting the x- and y-intercepts, maximum or minimum point, and the line of symmetry for a graph of a quadratic
function
Butterflies, Pinwheels and Wallpaper
Transformations: Describe types of transformations that relate points by the motions of reflections,
rotations, and translations; and methods for identifying and creating symmetric plane
figures.
Recognize properties of reflection, rotation, and translation transformations
Explore techniques for using rigid motion transformations to create symmetric designs
Use coordinate rules for basic rigid motion transformations
Congruence and Similarity: Understand congruence and similarity and explore necessary and sufficient conditions
for establishing congruent and similar shapes.
Recognize that two figures are congruent if one is derived from the other one by a
sequence of reflection, rotation, and/or translation transformations
Recognize that two figures are similar if one can be obtained from the other by a
sequence of reflections, rotations, translations, and/or dilations
Use transformations to describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between figures
Use transformations to explore minimum measurement conditions for establishing congruence
of triangles
Use transformations to explore minimum measurement conditions for establishing similarity
of triangles
Relate properties of angles formed by parallel lines and transversals, and the angle
sum in any triangle, to properties of transformations
Use properties of congruent and similar triangles to solve problems about shapes and
measurements
Say It With Symbols
Equivalence: Develop understanding of equivalent expressions and equations.
Model situations with symbolic statements
Recognize when two or more symbolic statements represent the same context
Use the properties of real numbers, e.g. distributive property to write equivalent
expressions
Determine if different symbolic expressions are mathematically equivalent
Interpret the information equivalent expressions represent in a given context
Determine which equivalent expression or equation to use to answer particular questions
or make decisions
Describe the relationship among the volumes of cylinders, cones, and spheres that
have the same height and radius with algebraic equations
Solve linear equations involving parentheses
Determine if an equation has a finite number, an infinite number, or no number of
solutions
Develop understanding and some fluency with factoring quadratic expressions;
Solve quadratic equations by factoring
Recognize how and when to use symbols to display relationships, generalizations, and
proofs
Functions: Develop understanding of specific functions such as linear, exponential and quadratic
functions.
Develop proficiency in identifying and representing relationships expressed in problem
contexts with appropriate functions and use these relationships to solve the problem
Analyze equations to determine the patterns of change in the tables and graphs that
the equation represents
Relate parts of a symbolic statement or expression to the underlying properties of
the relationship and to the context of the problem
Determine characteristics of a graph (intercepts, maxima and minima, shape, etc.)
of an equation by looking at its symbolic representation
It's in the System
Linear Equations: Develop understanding of linear equations and systems of linear equations.
Recognize linear equations in two variables in standard form, Ax + By = C
Recognize that a linear equation in the form Ax + By = C has infinitely many solutions (x, y) and the graph of those solutions is always a straight line
Recognize that the Ax + By = C form of linear equations is equivalent to the form y = mx + b for linear equations
Continue to develop skills in solving a linear equation in two variables by graphic
and algebraic methods.
Recognize that solving a system of linear equations is finding values of the variables
that will simultaneously satisfy all equations in the system.
Develop skill in solving systems of linear equations by graphic and algebraic methods
specifically:
Graphing solutions of the separate equations
Writing the system equations in equivalent y = mx + b form;
Using linear combinations of the system equations to eliminate one variable
Recognize that systems of linear equations in the form may have
exactly one solution represented by the intersection point(s) of the lines represented
by the equations;
infinitely many solutions represented by one line which represents each equation;
or
no solutions which is represented by two parallel lines
Choose strategically among graphic and symbolic methods to use for a particular system
of linear equations
Gain fluency with symbols manipulations in solving systems of linear equations
Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in
two variables symbolically and graphically
Solve problems that involve systems of linear equations
Linear Inequalities: Develop understanding of graphic and symbolic methods for solving linear inequalities
with one and two variables.
Recognize differences between strict <, and inclusive ≤, inequalities
Continue to develop skills in solving a linear inequality in two variables by graphic
and algebraic methods.
Develop skill in solving systems of linear inequalities by graphic and symbolic methods
specifically:
Graphing solutions of each individual inequality and finding the region of feasible
points that satisfy both inequalities
Solving inequalities to find pairs of numbers that satisfy both inequalities
Choose strategically among graphic and symbolic methods which to use for a particular
system of linear inequalities
Solve problems that involve linear inequalities or systems of linear inequalities
Function Junction
Functions: Understand function.
Describe domain and range of functions
Use f(x) notation to describe and operate with functions
Construct inverses of functions
Analyze function rates of change using graphs
Identify contexts and graphs of step and piecewise defined functions
Analyze polynomial functions and their graphs
Identify, analyze, and solve problems related to arithmetic and geometric sequences
Compare arithmetic and geometric sequences to linear and exponential functions
Recognize and solve problems using special kinds of functions
Equivalence: Understand equivalence of algebraic expressions and functions.
Connect expressions for functions whose graphs are related by translation and/or stretching
Develop and use vertex form to graph quadratic functions and solve quadratic equations
Connect polynomial expressions and graphs of the polynomial functions they define,
in order to identify max/min points, intercepts, and solutions of equations
Use completing the square to write quadratics in equivalent vertex form Develop the
quadratic formula for solving equations
Develop complex numbers and operations
Develop algorithms for adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials
Thinking With Mathematical Models
Looking for Pythagoras
Growing, Growing, Growing
Frogs, Fleas, and Painted Cubes
Butterflies, Pinwheels and Wallpaper
Say It With Symbols
It's in the System.png)
may have
Function Junction